中速油针,就是在主油针下面那个钉在化油器上的油针,除了怠速针之外,第三个可调整的油针。 一般常见于21级的越野及平路机,12级少见,Novarossi系已经简化掉这个油针了,但在O.S引擎上还保留着这个油针。 在爆哥的精品贴里有提及过这个油针,名曰湿度油针,但详细用法则没有说明,不像主副怠三针那样分工明确,就连O.S的说明书上也仅仅只一句:用于调整加速感,建议调整范围不超过1圈 简单带过(爆哥的精品贴建议不超过半圈)。 那么其实这玩意能不能动,它的实际工作是什么,要怎么调整,翻说明书是找不到答案了,于是只能在网上挖,所幸有人发了一份相对完整的说明,于是也就刨下来翻译出来,有兴趣或有需要学习的可以看看。 以下正文,附带英文原文以便给英语好的朋友校对。 混合控制阀是化油器中的主喷射口,又称中速油针。 此主喷射口开度(黄铜油针),其位置会与进气歧管相影响而改变化油器的油门曲线(或影响相对油门开度时让多少燃料及空气进入引擎)。 怠速时,引擎转速受控于低速油针及有多少空气通过节气门进入引擎。但当你开始移动节气门让更多空气通过时,事实上同时也会移动低速油针,让更多的燃料通过节气门。 当节气门全开不再掩盖主喷射口时,化油器将完全只工作于高速油针允许多少燃料通过的设定,这将影响引擎的功率,但也会因为主喷射口(中速油针)的松紧而改变低速油针的设定。 但小心,将主喷射口拧紧得过于进入进气歧管时将导致出现空燃混合及温度的问题,事实上,倾向中等转速,引擎工作在节气门只有局部开度时,会导致出现问题及工况不稳定。 这就是为什么几乎所有的引擎说明书都会提示你不要去动这个油针设定,因为它们在出厂时已经被设定为理想的平均状态。 主喷射口的位置,涉及到改变当空气进入进气歧管时产生的涡流,能否让燃料完全雾化后再进入引擎(燃料需要雾化才能被燃烧)。无论多微小的滴漏,都会因无法燃烧而产生许多且严重的问题。这将可能导致如损坏连杆(常见)或活塞(不常见,但有机会发生)或淹缸。 The Mixture Control Valve, is actually the main jet of the carburator, commonly called mid range needle. The dimensions of the this main jet (brass needle), its position relative to the venturi dictates the fuel curve of the carburetor (or how much fuel enters by each cfm of air drawn into the engine at a relative carb opening). At idle speed, the engine is controlled by the low-end needle, and how much air passes into the engine via the position of the barrel. But when you start to move the barrel to allow more air to pass, in fact, you're moving the low-end needle too, allowing at the same time more fuel to pass too. Depending at which opening of the barrel the main jet (brass needle) is totally uncovered, and the carburetor starts being mandated by the adjustment of the high-end needle, and how much fuel this last adjustment permits to pass can be varied, and the power band of the engine too, but slightly, by screwing or unscrewing the main jet (mid range needle) and readjusting the low-end needle. But be careful, screwing the main jet too further into the venturi can lead to mix and temperature problems, in fact, you're leaning the mid rpms, where the engine operates at partial opening of the carb, this can lead to problems and erratic operation. This is why, on almost all the engine booklets they warn you about not touching this adjustment, because it comes factory tuned to it’s ideal average. The position of the main jet, relative to the venturi also changes the position on where and how much the vortex of air that enters into the carb varies how finely the fuel is sprayed into the air that enters (fuel is converted into a mist to be burned), a drop, no matter how little it is, doesn't burn and can create many and serious problems. This last can lead up to a conrod breakage (common) or piston breakage (not common but seen some) due to hydro lock. |
我本来也想过翻译一篇,但是想到目前主流的化油器基本都取消了这个油针,加上懒癌发作,就没写了,顶楼主。 有一次我带着大脚跑到郊区去玩,刚下地跑了一圈怎么怠速那么高,回来一看,好家伙,我的中速油针不见了,对不见了,化油器上一个大洞,真是日了狗,白跑一趟。 从此对三油针化油器路转黑,更奇怪的是两周之后我再去同一个地方,发现那颗油针竟然就在我放工具箱的地方。。。 有些低端的双针化油器的副油针其实就是在同时调节中速油针,比如一些摇臂式化油器(HPI,FC的小排量发动机)和京商的上一代三叶代工引擎,他们的副油针针体是相对固定在风门动端的,无法调节。而副油针螺丝其实在调节喷油嘴相对于副油针的位置,也就是调节低速喷油量的同时,变化了喷油嘴相对于进气真空管的位置,也就会改变雾化效果。 |
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